More on Iran

The recent spontaneous demonstrations in Iran have startled observers around the world. A social unrest which started because of worsening economic circumstances and the failure of the government to keep its promises and contain inflation and price rise has now turned into general political dissent around the country. These demonstrations, started by some anti-Hassan Rouhani factions within the Iranian regime in the city of Mashhad, got out of hand and turned into anti-Supreme Leader protests. They have been the biggest test for the Islamic republic since the mass protests of 2009.

In the early stages, protesters’ demands largely revolved around spiralling prices of basic foodstuff and bore the classic signs of frustration with the country's ongoing economic torpor. But later, they reached Teheran and have been taken up in the limited numbers by students around Teheran University. As yet, it is not clear whether one can speak of one protest movement or several protest movements, as there are different grievances and solutions being articulated.

As things currently stand, these protests more closely resemble a continuation of Iran's long-standing movements of discontent rather than a revolutionary attempt to overthrow the regime. Though the Iranian Islamic regime has been suffering from a crisis of legitimacy for a long period and the efficient management of the state has remained damaged the Iranian state continues to have the monopoly of violence and there is an apparent strong unity against common enemies among different factions of the Islamic establishment. Therefore, as things stand in Iran today mass discontent remains a clear reality, but the protests are not organised and have no leadership. Also they currently lack a shared ideology beyond general disdain for the government. The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), which has the monopoly on radio and TV in Iran, was completely silent about the events for the first two days of protests. But it later joined the conservative media in pointing a finger at the "counter revolution" and accusing the US of taking advantage of people's worries over the economy.

As for the US, the Trump Administration, unlike the actions of the Obama Administration in 2009 that simply refused to back the Iranian people at the time has jumped on the bandwagon and declared its full support for the dissenters in Iran. While President Trump publicly condemned the arrest of protesters in Iran, telling Teheran that "the world is watching" what is happening in Iran. Senator Ted Cruz issued an official statement on Saturday December 30, expressing his solidarity with the people of Iran, praising the "brave Iranians" who have poured into the streets, the senator from Texas has also called upon the White House to fully support protests in Iran. "I urge the Trump Administration to do everything possible to support these courageous protesters and I call upon freedom-loving nations everywhere to rally behind and publicly express their support for the Iranian people". However, all this wishful thinking seem to be quite far from the reality on the ground. Because, not only are the protests unlikely to spark the kind of change that either the Rouhani government or the Trump Administration may be hoping for, but they also are refusing to stick to the different scripts the Iranian opposition groups might read into them. Nonetheless, the anti-regime slogans among some demonstrators show the fact that popular grievances are not purely economic.

Many question the government's investment of billions of dollars in military interventions in places like Syria and Yemen as part of its bid to enhance the Islamic republic's regional position and compete with Saudi Arabia for regional dominance. Last but not least, the protests, while spreading across the country have failed to mushroom into truly mass demonstrations and could well spark a much harsher crackdown with the intervention of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard and the Basij forces. Moreover, the fact that the Revolutionary Guard which along with its Basij militia, organised a crackdown against protesters in 2009, said in a statement that they "will not allow the country to be hurt", is a sign that they are preparing a sort of coup d'etat that many people have been expecting for a long time. It is worth nothing that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is an ideological institution, in charge of safeguarding the Islamic regime. Furthermore, the constitution entitles the IRGC to engage in economic and educational activities.

As the IRGC's economic might has grown in the past decade, so has its political influence and cultural role. Consequently the crucial role of the IRGC and the Basij militia in controlling Iranian politics and preventing democratic development in Iran has underscored the role of this behemoth in the making of Iranian foreign policy in the Middle East. As it goes, once again the future of the civil rights movements and the democratisation process in Iran will be determined by the will of the ruling revolutionary guards who with rumours of Ayatojlah Khamenei's illness are preparing the political future of Iran by playing both the role of stabilisers of Iranian territorial integrity and preventing the consolidation of democracy in this country.

What is certain is that the democratic future of Iran is still not in the hands of those who suffer for it on the streets. What is for sure is that a revolution is not on the way. However, after 40 years of living with the Islamic regime, the Iranian people have learned to teach the Iranian leaders that their true and genuine problems are with their failing domestic policy rather than with the proxy conflicts around the Middle East.

07-01-2018

[contributed]

Frontier
Vol. 50, No.29, Jan 21 - 27, 2017